The FREE science and technology book
Want to know why giant ships can float, how your earbuds make music, what graphene is, or how windows can clean themselves? You've come to the right place! Here you'll find simple explanations you can really understand—hurrah!
Hard stuff... made simple!
Explain that Stuff is an online book written by science writer Chris Woodford (author of many popular science books for adults and children). It includes over 400 easy-to-understand articles, richly illustrated with over 4000 photos, artworks, and animations, covering how things work, cutting-edge science, cool gadgets, and computers. We take the "pain" from explain and the "tough" out of stuff! There's more information on this website than in your average expensive science book, it's continually updated, and it's completely free to use! Explain that Stuff also helps to support curriculum learning (conventional STEM education and home-schooling).
How to use this site
There are five simple ways to find what you want:
- A-Z index: Browse articles by name.
- Timeline: Find inventions by date.
- Random: Discover something new.
- Search: Use the search engine.
- Teaching guide: Browse study topics.
What's hot in November 2023?
Our simple introductions explain the science behind the headlines. In the news now...
Climate change
Record, recent emissions of carbon dioxide could push our warming world through the "safe"(ish) limit of 1.5°C sooner than expected. What is climate change and why should it worry us? [News story].
Quantum dots
This year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry has gone to Louis Brus and the developers of quantum dots—groups of atoms with brilliant optical properties. What are they and what can they do? [News story]
Water pollution
A new study estimates that 23 million people around the world are affected by pollution from metal mining. Check out our classic guide to pollution—and what we can do about it. [News story]
Steganography
Steganography's got nothing to do with dinosaurs; it's a cunning trick for hiding small secrets inside bigger bits of data. Google has just announced a new steganography algorithm to help defeat fake images. [News story]
Space rockets
India's just become the fourth nation to touch down on the Moon, but how did it get there? How exactly do rocket engines fire through air-less space? [News story]
Carbon capture
The UK is trying to achieve economically viable carbon capture and storage (catching CO2 emissions before they escape into the air). What is it and how will it work? [News story]
Lithium-ion batteries
Battery pioneer John Goodenough died a few weeks ago at the age of 100. Chances are you're using his brilliant, power-packed invention right now! [News story].
What's new?
Some of our latest articles...
Artificial intelligence
Can we imagine a world where computers are smart enough not to need us? Is "human intelligence" a good starting point for designing useful machines?
Gravity
It's taken over two millenia for people to understand how gravity holds the universe together. What do we know so far about this most mysterious of forces?
History of flight
Planes can trace their history back thousands of years to ancient myths and legends. Why have humans always dreamed of soaring to the sky... and why did it take us so long?
Cranes
The science behind cranes is easy to understand, but why are there so many different types? How much can they lift... and what stops them toppling over?
History of electricity
Electricity is an ancient science that powers our modern world. Why did it take so long to figure out how it works and put it to practical use? Find out in our sparky story of electric power!
Software
Computers are wonderful machines you can reprogram to do almost anything. Learn more about algorithms, computer languages, and the basic principles of coding in our simple guide.
Great psychology experiments
It's no big surprise that other people aren't quite what they seem. But the astonishing finding from modern psychology is that even our own minds are strange and complex things we don't fully understand.
What is science—and why does it matter?
From atoms and cells to nuclear power plants and the human brain, the scope of science is truly amazing. But what exactly is the scientific method... and why is it still our best hope for making sense of the world?
History of communication
How did we get from the alphabet to the Internet in a few thousand years? Follow the story of shared information from cuneiform and hieroglyphs, through radio and TV, to streaming media and the Web.
Most popular
These are some more of our classic, ever-popular articles:
Water pollution
Rivers and seas take a long time to recover from the effects of careless human treatment. What causes pollution and what can we do to stop it?
Electricity
The most versatile and useful form of energy in our world, electricity is going to become a whole lot more important in future.
Nanotechnology
Can we build a brave new world just by shuffling atoms and molecules under a microscope?
Magnetism
One of the first bits of science people studied, magnetism is still just as relevant today in everything from electric cars to body scans at the hospital.
Gears
Wheels with teeth carved around them can make you go faster or bump up your power—and here's how.
Batteries
We all need electricity, wherever we happen to be, so thank goodness for batteries—miniature power plants you can carry in your pocket.
Electric motors
These amazing machines turn electricity and magnetism into movement, powering everything from handheld toothbrushes to bikes, cars, and trains.
Global warming
Climate scientists recently issued their strongest ever warning about the growing risks of irreversible "global warming." If you find the subject baffling, try our easy-to-follow introduction.
Cloud computing
Why buy yourself an expensive computer or programs to go with it when you can get access to something just as good over the Internet? What are the benefits and drawbacks of working in "the cloud"?
What else is on our site?
The articles on our site are divided up into broad topical areas, listed below. We've also given you a rough idea of the kind of questions you're going to find answers to in each section:
Communications
Why do we bounce telephone calls off satellites? How do cellphones work? What's the difference between digital radio and ordinary radio?
Computers
How can you make a computer think like a human brain? Who invented the computer—and why on Earth did it take them so long?
Electricity and electronics
What's the difference between "electric" and "electronic"? How can you make coffee with a stream of electrons? How can magnets detect burglars in your home?
Energy
How does wind energy come from the Sun? Is nuclear power safe or not? Will the world ever run out of energy? Why are we still so dependent on "fossil fuels"?
Engineering
What stops a bridge falling over? Why can a person lift more stuff with a crane than with their bare hands? What's the difference between hydraulics and pneumatics?
Environment
Can we still stop dangerous climate change? What causes air and water pollution and how can the world clean up its act? Is organic food really "better"—and, if so, why?
Gadgets
How does a flash memory card store your holiday snaps? Why can a synthesizer mimic any musical instrument that's ever been invented (and even ones that haven't been)?
Home life
How can you make windows turn dark at the flick of a switch? If an energy-saving lamp saves energy, how come it still makes exactly the same amount of light?
Materials
If you had a piece of platinum as big as a man, how much would it be worth? Why doesn't a dry-stone wall fall over? Is it true that glass is a kind of liquid?
Science
Which part of a candle flame is the hottest? Why does chocolate actually taste good? Where's the best place to sit on a rollercoaster if you want to scare yourself to death?
Tools, instruments, and measurement
How does an iris scanner recognize your eyes? Why don't fireproof clothes catch fire? Can a robot really learn to play drums?
Transportation
If a man can't fly, how can a plane fly if it weighs as much as 5000 men? How come we say a wheel reduces friction if it's got a tire that grips the road? Why do huge ships float when even tiny bits of metal sink?
Who uses this site?
In the ~17 years we've been online (2006–2023), pages from this site have been viewed over 140 million times in total. Our articles have been cited by dozens of books and over 2000 academic papers and patents. We've received over 4000 user feedback forms in the last decade and 92% gave us four or five stars out of five—a weighted average of 4.6—but there's always plenty of room to do better. We hope you find this site useful too!
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This page last updated: November 4, 2023.